hi, friend. The function of the EGR is to pass a certain amount of combustion products from the escape system to the admission. When using this method decreases the maximum temperature of the cycle, since in correspondence with the amount of burned gases decreases the amount of fresh load.
To a certain point, the increase in the residual part can affect positively on the transformation of energy and, with it, on fuel consumption.
The EGR valve receives control signal from the motor management system.
The EGR valve works for partial loads and cuts the recirculation into operational points established by the designer (rotation less than 1200 rpm, motor temperature less than 80 ° C, etc). I hope it serves you