Good, Shivis, well, I tell you that the very high CO2 problem is very complex but sometimes it has a simple solution, basically what happens to your car is that it does not burn the total of the fuel that enters the cylinders so that the waste that leaves the exhaust tube is not those predetermined by the manufacturer. Here I leave the explanation (long but complete) of the probable causes. The appropriate equipment for repair .......
According to the proportions of the different gases issued by the escape of a vehicle, a diagnosis of possible anomalies can be made in its operation. For this, it is necessary to have an exhaust gas analyzer that allows us to measure the proportions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons and Lambda factor.
Proportion of carbon monoxide
with variations in the proportion of carbon monoxide are caused by excess gasoline in the mixture. The lack of oxygen to form the carbon dioxide causes the appearance of high concentrations of monoxide. It will be necessary to reduce the proportion of gasoline so that the emission of COs returns to the appropriate levels.
The rich mixtures originate carbonate deposits in the butt, in the spark plug electrodes, in the valves and in the piston's head. These deposits originate hot points, leading to detonations and irregular operation of the engine in accelerations.
In carburetor vehicles, high CO emissions can also be caused by an irregular idle, defects in the cold starting system, acceleration pump defects, or excessive level of gasoline in the Cuba.
The dirty air filter or obstructed air ducts also increase CO emissions due to the lack of air in admission. The same happens when the butt joint is burned or the oil has many kilometers without changing.
CO measured values are indicated in percentage on the total volume of gases emitted. And the result obtained must be within the margins indicated by the manufacturer. As a general rule, CO values can be considered:
between 2.5 and 0.5 % for carburetor powers.
Between 1.5 and 0.5 % for injection fed engines.
Between 0.3 and 0.1 % for engines provided with catalyst.
Proportion of HC hydrocarbons
The appearance of hydrocarbon particles without burn is caused by excess gasoline in the mixture. The lack of oxygen prevents the entire gasoline from burning, resulting in incomplete combustion and leading to fuel particles (hydrocarbons) emissions by escape. To avoid hydrocarbons emissions, it will be necessary to reduce the amount of gasoline that is introduced to the engine. Hydrocarbons emissions can also be caused by deficiencies in the ignition system, a poor electric spark is not able to ensure complete combustion of the mixture.
The ignitions of the ignition system are usually due to:
spark plugs in poor condition with worn electrodes, closed or with carbonate deposits.
Excessive advance of the ignition.
High resistance in the high voltage circuit: cables, distributor or coil.
A poor mixture can also cause high HC values and can be caused by:
Bad adjustment of the feeding system.
Dirty or blocked injectors, both in open and closed position.
Air inputs through the admission zone.
Incorrect valve adjustment.
Incorrect, default or excess injection period.
Insufficient fuel pressure.
Temperature sensors with incorrect functioning.
Oil combustion also generates high HC values emitted and its origin can be:
excessive wear of the segments and lack of compression in the cylinders.
Excessive slack of the valves in their guide, or their retailers in poor condition.
Oil leakage to the cylinders by the Board.
Hydrocarbons measurement is performed in parts per million (PPM) and the results obtained must be within the margins indicated by the manufacturer. Although these values increase according to the use of the vehicle and the wear of their pieces. The following can be considered estimated values:
Up to 300 ppm for carburetor powers.
Between 50 and 150 ppm for injection fed engines.
Less than 50 ppm for engines provided with catalyst.
O2 oxygen proportion
The presence of oxygen in exhaust gases indicates that combustion is not perfect. Oxygen indicates that part of the fuel has not burned, giving rise to hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. Poor mixtures originate a great oxygen emission and rich mixtures almost cancel them completely, but without reaching zero.
A high oxygen emission may be caused by:
defects in the ignition system for irregularities in the spark jump.
Air shots through the
insufficient exhaust system Introduction of the probe by exhaust tube
air intake in the intake system causing very poor mixtures.
Oxygen measurement is performed on all the gases emitted and indicated with a percentage. The results obtained must be within the margins indicated by the manufacturer. Being able to consider the following data as orientative:
between 1.5 and 0.7 in carburetor powers.
Between 0.8 and 0.4 in injection fed engines.
Between 0.4 and 0.1 in engines provided with catalyst.
Lambda Factor L
The Lambda factor is obtained from processing the data collected by the gas analyzer and trying to determine the relationship between air and gasoline. When the dosage is correct, the value of L is equal to the unit. While the mixture is rich the value descends to 0.9. If the mixture is poor, the value can rise to 1.1. This measure lacks units because it indicates a relationship.
L = 1 Stoichiometric mixture.
l <1 rich mixture (excess fuel).
l> 1 poor mixture (lack of fuel).
Joint measurements
Some faults have characteristic measurements in exhaust gases that allow a rapid diagnosis.
A
rich
mixture
is
detected because
the
values
offered
by
the analyzed gase
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